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Market Insights

CMRA Books and Resources

 

CMRA Research & Perspectives

Commentary & Analysis

Independent perspectives on derivatives, valuation, financial risk, and developments across global markets.

Earlier Commentary & Analysis 9 Articles · 2024–2017
August 6, 2024 · Volatility

Emerging Risks

An unprecedented intraday VIX spike highlights the risks of extreme volatility and rapid market reversals.

August 3, 2022 · Volatility

Using the VIX to Distinguish between Transitory and Persistent Risk

Understanding how VIX futures and the volatility surface complement the VIX Index in assessing market risk.

May 16, 2022 · Stress Testing

Take a Close Look at Your Stress Test Assumptions

Rising implied volatility across VIX, MOVE and FX markets calls for renewed attention to stress scenarios and risk assumptions.

January 10, 2022 · Risk Governance

Say What You Do, and Do What You Say!

Peter Niculescu reflects on fiduciary responsibility, model assumptions, stress testing and liquidity risk in investment management.

September 9, 2020 · Risk Management

Risk Management Lessons Learned in 2020 Covid Crisis

Insights from risk professionals on hypothetical stress scenarios, model validation, liquidity and the importance of informed judgment.

November 6, 2017 · Liquidity Risk

Asset Liquidity Risk: Piecing Together the Puzzle

CMRA examines asset liquidity, regulatory expectations and the difficulties of measuring liquidity risk across markets.

July 11, 2017 · Stress Testing

The Great (Disappearing) Recession: Adding Historical Data Desensitizes the Shock

How the passage of time can reduce the influence of the 2008–2009 financial crisis in historical stress-testing calculations.

June 28, 2017 · Derivatives Regulation

CMRA's Uncleared Swap Margin Survey Results

Market participants share their perspectives on initial margin, variation margin, ISDA SIMM and the costs of compliance.

June 19, 2017 · Valuation / SEC

Are Your Pricing Policies and Procedures for Less Liquid Instruments Adequate? — The SEC Is Looking

Recommendations for stronger pricing governance, independent valuation controls, model validation and oversight of illiquid instruments.

CMRA in the News

CMRA in the Press

Selected media coverage, published analysis, and expert perspectives featuring Capital Market Risk Advisors and its senior professionals.

Earlier Media Coverage Historical Coverage · 2009–1994
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
June 2009 · CMRA Leadership

Ex-Fannie Executive Hired

Coverage of Peter Niculescu's professional transition following his leadership role at Fannie Mae.

THE NEW YORK TIMES
November 2008 · Model Risk

In Modeling Risk, the Human Factor Was Left Out

Leslie Rahl discussed the limitations of financial models in capturing complexity, leverage, liquidity, and transparency risks.

CMRA-hosted archival copy
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
September 2008 · Financial Crisis

Worst Crisis Since '30s, With No End Yet in Sight

Leslie Rahl discussed how credit default swaps contributed to financial-system stress during the 2008 crisis.

THE NEW YORK TIMES
September 2008 · Model Risk

How Wall Street Lied to Its Computers

Leslie Rahl commented on the limitations of quantitative models and assumptions that can fail during extreme market conditions.

BUSINESSWEEK
September 1998 · Counterparty Risk

Up the Volga Without a Calculator: At This Point, Banks Can't Figure Their Exposure

Coverage of financial institutions struggling to quantify derivatives exposures and counterparty risk during the Russian financial crisis.

FORBES
May 1995 · Orange County

Orange County Didn't Know How Much Trouble…

Forbes described Leslie Rahl's work helping determine the true condition of Orange County's investment pool following its financial collapse.

CMRA-hosted press reference
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
December 1994 · Orange County

But No Cigar: How a Rescue Mission Failed, Just Barely, in Orange County

Historical reporting on CMRA's work assessing Orange County's complex investment portfolio and the unsuccessful effort to prevent its collapse.

CMRA-hosted archival copy
GRANT'S
August 12, 1994 · Financial Engineering

Making a Model

Grant's Interest Rate Observer compared CMRA's work in financial engineering to the crisis-response expertise of Red Adair in the oil and gas industry.

Original article link not supplied

Helpful Web Resources


Associations & Organizations

Derivatives

Periodicals

Risk Management

  • Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED)
    • Database of economic time series suitable for backtesting, historical data, and risk analysis
  • NYU Stern Volatility Laboratory
    • Research on risks in financial markets, with daily calculations of volatilities and correlations on a wide range of assets
  • Risk.net
    • Coverage of financial industry, with a focus on risk management, derivatives, and complex finance

Regulatory

Structured Finance

 

CMRA Books


Risk Management for Institutional Investors:

Fulfilling Fiduciary and Strategic Responsibilities

By Richard Horwitz and David Tyson, Capital Market Risk Advisors; Published by Risk Books, Nov 2013

More about the book

  • Risk Management for Institutional Investors: Fulfilling Fiduciary and Strategic Responsibilities addresses how board members, directors, trustees, and members of the C-suite overseeing a pension or endowment fund can properly manage and mitigate risk. It details on a practical level how the necessary data can be collected and reported to this governing board within the broad framework of current risk management practices.

  • This holistic executive report will include discussions of risk appetite, risk governance, board risk communication, and board risk training, and will address how highly technical and granular data can be synthesized so that it can be reported to a board that may only meet for three hours every three months, in turn informing the decisions the institutional investors make.


Risk Budgeting, Second Edition:

Risk Appetite and Governance in the Wake of the Financial Crisis

Edited by Leslie Rahl, Capital Market Risk Advisors

More about the book

  • This fully updated and revised second edition of the best-selling guide Risk Budgeting expands upon the first edition, continuing to provide a road map for more effective risk allocation and better return per unit of risk taken. This edition reflects in particular the growing focus on risk appetite and governance in the risk budgeting environment.

Hedge Fund Transparency:

Unraveling the Complex and Controversial Debate

By Leslie Rahl, Capital Market Risk Advisors

More about the book

  • The only title that focuses solely on hedge fund transparency and offers a balanced perspective that appreciates both the needs of institutional investors and hedge fund managers.

  • Presents clear insight on why hedge fund transparency is an issue, as well as offers solutions

  • Includes "perspectives" based on interviews with numerous eminent practitioners from both sides of the investor/hedge fund debate
  • Service providers including consultants, prime brokers, third party marketers, capital introducers, systems providers, lawyers and accountants, will additionally acquire an enhanced insight into the needs of both investors and hedge funds in order to tailor their services to the market needs
  • The press and the regulators can also achieve enhanced understanding of this complex and controversial subject
  • Written by the best-selling author and practitioner Leslie Rahl, who is the chair of the Investor Risk Committee of the IAFE Committee on Hedge Fund
  • Transparency and is uniquely placed to advise on and explain the issues for all concerned participants

Risk Budgeting

A New Approach to Investing

Edited by Leslie Rahl, Capital Market Risk Advisors; Published by Risk Books, November 2000

More about the book

  • A practical and authoritative introduction to the concept of risk unit allocation as an alternative and more effective decision-making process for long-term investors.

  • Make an informed decision about how to implement and execute a "risk unit allocation" investment policy

  • Analysis of techniques to assess how risk might impact long-term Investment returns
  • Introduces methods to allocate assets based on the "risk unit" exposures - in individual asset classes and on a portfolio basis, to meet long-term pension obligations and investment return objectives
  • Investigates ways to use VAR to accommodate a long-term investment horizon
  • Contributions from leading experts drawn from consultancies; large institutional investors; pension plans; investment banks and academia
  • Leslie Rahl has donated her proceeds from the sale of the book to the Fischer Black Memorial Foundation.

Hedge Fund Risk Fundamentals:

Solving the Risk Management and Transparency Challenge

By Richard Horwitz, Capital Market Risk Advisors

More about the book

  • In the constantly evolving hedge fund marketplace, nothing is more central--but in many ways, more amorphous and elusive--than risk. Yet there remains no standard for analyzing and measuring risk within this highly secretive, largely unregulated field, leaving the thousands of hedge funds--and the tens of thousands of hedge fund investors--in dangerously dim light. The industry has not solved the "transparency" challenge--communicating risk to investors without disclosing proprietary information.In the constantly evolving hedge fund marketplace, nothing is more central--but in many ways, more amorphous and elusive--than risk. Yet there remains no standard for analyzing and measuring risk within this highly secretive, largely unregulated field, leaving the thousands of hedge funds--and the tens of thousands of hedge fund investors--in dangerously dim light. The industry has not solved the "transparency" challenge--communicating risk to investors without disclosing proprietary information.

  • Hedge Fund Risk Fundamentals is the first book to bring these issues to the forefront. With clarity, concision, and minimal math, Richard Horwitz lays out the key components and the cutting-edge processes in the field of hedge fund risk management today. Against that backdrop, he presents a groundbreaking utility destined to set the standard for transparency and risk management within the hedge fund universe.

  • You’ll learn why, when it comes to risk management, 1 + 1 = 1.41. For all of those perplexed by the difficulties of assessing risk in hedge fund investing, Horwitz’s concepts make for an invaluable road map and a demystifying resource that hedge funds and investors at all levels will find indispensable.


Value at Risk

"This book has become an industry standard for value at risk."
Leslie Rahl, president, CMRA

More about the book

  • To accommodate sweeping global economic changes, the risk management field has evolved substantially since the first edition of Value at Risk, making this revised edition a must. Updates include a new chapter on liquidity risk, information on the latest risk instruments and the expanded derivatives market, recent developments in Monte Carlo methods, and more. Value at Risk, Second Edition, will help professional risk managers understand, and operate within, today's dynamic new risk environment.

How I Became a Quant

By Richard R. Lindsey and Barry Schachter
From Amazon:

More about the book

  • "Quants"--those who design and implement mathematical models for the pricing of derivatives, assessment of risk, or prediction of market movements--are the backbone of today's investment industry. As the greater volatility of current financial markets has driven investors to seek shelter from increasing uncertainty, the quant revolution has given people the opportunity to avoid unwanted financial risk by literally trading it away, or more specifically, paying someone else to take on the unwanted risk.

  • How I Became a Quant reveals the faces behind the quant revolution, offering you the chance to learn firsthand what it's like to be a?quant today. In this fascinating collection of Wall Street war stories, more than two dozen quants detail their roots, roles, and contributions, explaining what they do and how they do it, as well as outlining the sometimes unexpected paths they have followed from the halls of academia to the front lines of an investment revolution.


Risk Management: The State of the Art

Edited by Stephen Figlewski and Richard M. Levich

More about the book

  • The articles in this volume examine the "State of the Art" in risk management from the standpoint of academic researchers, market analysts and practitioners, and government observers with

  • Risk Management: Where Are We Heading? Where Have We Been? Contributed by Leslie Rahl.

 
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